Understanding how long Express Entry takes — from ITA to landing — helps you plan your move to Canada. While IRCC targets six months for 80% of complete applications, several factors can shorten or extend your timeline.
IRCC's Processing Time Target
IRCC's stated service standard is to process 80% of complete Express Entry applications within six months of the date an application is submitted (not from the date of ITA). This target has generally been met for straightforward applications without complications. Some applicants receive their Confirmation of Permanent Residence (COPR) in as little as two to four months; others with more complex backgrounds may wait longer.
The Full Timeline Breakdown
ITA to application submission: 60 days. This is a fixed window — you control this entirely by how quickly you gather and upload your documents.
Application submission to Acknowledgement of Receipt (AOR): Usually 1-5 business days. The AOR confirms IRCC has received your complete application and assigns your application number.
AOR to biometrics and medical clearance: Biometrics clearance typically takes 2-4 weeks after you give your biometrics. Medical exam results are usually received by IRCC within 2-3 weeks of your exam. If your exam requires additional tests, add time.
Background checks: Criminality checks and security screening timelines vary widely depending on your countries of residence. Applicants from most Western countries clear quickly (days to weeks). Applicants with ties to certain countries or who have traveled extensively may wait months for security screening.
Passport Request (PPR) to COPR: Once you receive a PPR, you mail in your passport (or upload it digitally). Processing takes 1-4 weeks. You receive your COPR stamped in your passport, confirming approval.
Landing: You must make your first landing in Canada before your COPR expiry date (usually tied to your medical exam validity). After landing, your PR status is confirmed and your PR card application is automatically initiated.
What Causes Delays?
Incomplete applications: Missing documents or documents that don't fully satisfy IRCC's requirements are the most common cause of delays. IRCC will issue an additional document request, adding weeks to your timeline.
Medical hold: If your medical exam reveals a condition that requires assessment — including tuberculosis (TB) screening for applicants from high-prevalence countries — your application may be held pending additional tests or a medical review. This can add weeks to months.
Criminality screening: Any prior criminal history (including arrests without convictions, in some cases) triggers a more detailed review. Applicants with prior criminal matters should consult an immigration lawyer before applying.
Security screening: Extended travel history or connections to certain countries can trigger longer security checks by CSIS or CBSA. This is not an indication of a problem — it is standard procedure — but it can extend processing by several months.
High application volumes: IRCC's processing times vary with overall volume. After periods of reduced immigration (such as the COVID pandemic), backlogs accumulated. Check IRCC's current published processing times before making assumptions.
How to Check Your Application Status
Log into your IRCC secure account to see your current application status. The portal shows the last action taken on your file and any messages or document requests from IRCC. If you believe there is an unusual delay or your application has been pending much longer than IRCC's published service standards, you can submit a webform inquiry through the IRCC website. Note that contacting IRCC by phone is rarely productive — they typically refer you back to the online tools.
GCMS Notes
Global Case Management System (GCMS) notes are the internal IRCC records for your application. You can request them through an Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP) request, which typically takes 30 days and costs $5. GCMS notes show you exactly what stage your application is at, which officer last reviewed it, and what notes they made — helpful if you are trying to understand an unusual delay.